Gentoo下搭建python web环境(nginx+bottle+virtualenv+uwsgi)
Wed 16 May 2012
最近根据Gentoo官方文档整了一台Gentoo的虚拟机,感觉还是不错的,决定放弃CentOS投奔Gentoo,这几天研究NoSQL mongodb和python的bottle框架,web.py效率不是很好,而且是类级,bottle使用装饰器(虽然对她还是懵懂阶段,但是貌似很强大).感觉bottle更加强大和接近python,没有封装太多东西,django只能依照她的思想来做自己的事,最后还是选择了bottle来进入python的web世界,web服务器同样选择nginx.virtualenv可以让一个应用有一个相对独立的环境,特别用于多解释器环境或者经常变更的环境.uwsgi是web和python的中间件(可以这么解释吧).
环境:
系统:Gentoo ip:192.168.3.1
好吧废话不多说,Gentoo安装过程这里不再详述,官方文档很详细,下面记录安装配置过程. 首先Gentoo没有默认安装vim,先安装vim:
emerge vim
安装配置Python
最新版的Gentoo安装完毕后默认使用python3.2,而我惯用Python2.7.先首先安装python2.7. Gentoo使用emerge包管理,安装Python2.7:
cd /usr/portage/dev-lang/python/
emerge python-2.7.2-r3.ebuild
等待安装完成后使系统默认使用python2.7,先查看默认项
eselect python list
Available Python interpreters:
[1] python2.7
[2] python3.2 *
默认使用3.2,选择python2.7
eselect python set 1
选择过后别忘记执行:
python-updater
好了我已经将python换成了常用的python2.7,下面来安装easy_install:
emerge setuptools
安装完后使用easy_install安装bottle框架和mongodb驱动:
easy_install bottle
easy_install pymogon
安装uwsgi/nginx/virtualenv:
emerge nginx
emerge uwsgi
emerge virtualenv
使用virtualenv创建应用
我们使用virtualenv创建一个应用:
mkdir /code/python
virtualenv /code/python
source bin/activate
然后查看应用目录下会多出几个目录.
配置uWSGI
首先创建一个uwsgi配置文件,并编辑它:
cp /etc/conf.d/uwsgi /etc/conf.d/uwsgi.py
vi /etc/conf.d/uwsgi.py
改成内如如下:
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
# $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo-x86/www-servers/uwsgi/files/uwsgi.confd,v 1.1 2011/05/31 19:49:07 maksbotan Exp $
# DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE DIRECTLY! CREATE A COPY AND MODIFY THAT INSTEAD!
# Path (or name) of UNIX/TCP socket to bind to
#
UWSGI_SOCKET=/var/tmp/bottle.sock # 使用unix socket
# Enable threads?
#
UWSGI_THREADS=1
# The path to your uWSGI application.
#
#UWSGI_PROGRAM=
# The path to your uWSGI xml config file.
#
UWSGI_XML_CONFIG=/code/bottle.xml # 使用xml配置文件
# The number of child processes to spawn. The default is 1.
#
UWSGI_CHILDREN=1
# The log file path. If empty logging is disabled
#
UWSGI_LOG_FILE=/var/log/uwsgi.log # 定义日志
# If you want to run your application inside a chroot then specify the
# directory here. Leave this blank otherwise.
#
#UWSGI_CHROOT=/code/python
# If you want to run your application from a specific directiory specify
# it here. Leave this blank otherwise.
#
# UWSGI_DIR=
# The user and group to run your application as. If you do not specify these,
# the application will be run as root:root.
#
UWSGI_USER=
# Additional options you might want to pass to uWSGI
#
#UWSGI_EXTRA_OPTIONS=
然后创建bottle.xml配置文件:
vi /code/bottle.xml
内容如下:
<uwsgi>
<socket>/var/tmp/bottle.sock</socket>
<home>/code/python</home>
<chdir>/code/python</chdir>
<python-path>/code/python</python-path>
<module>index</module>
<master/>
<memory/>
<logto>/var/log/bottle.log</logto>
<daemonize>/var/log/uwsgi.log</daemonize>
</uwsgi>
其中
配置完毕后创建启动脚本:
ln -sf /etc/init.d/uwsgi /etc/init.d/uwsgi.py
并加入开机启动:
rc-update add uwsgi.py default
配置nginx
编辑配置文件:
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
修改内容如下:
server {
listen 192.168.3.1:80;
server_name linuxzen.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/localhost.access_log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/localhost.error_log info;
root /code/python;
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_PYTHOME /code/python;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /code/python;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT index;
uwsgi_pass unix:/var/tmp/bottle.sock;
}
}
同样将nginx作为开机启动:
rc-update add nginx default
测试
首先创建一个bottle程序供测试:
vi /code/python/index.py
参考内容如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding: utf8 -*-
'''
# Author : cold night
# Filename : index.py
'''
from bottle import run, route, default_app
@route('/')
def index():
return "Hello world!"
if __name__ == "__main__":
run(host="localhost", port=8888)
else:
application = default_app()
然后启动nginx和uwsgi:
/etc/init.d/nginx start
/etc/init.d/uwsgi.py start
然后通过浏览器访问即可看到Hello world!
Category: Linux Tagged: web virtualenv uwsgi python Gentoo bottle nginx
